Research+Information


 * Jarett**

**Visuals: This is a picture of Sir Isaac Newton.** **H****e is the one who thought of these three laws of gravity and motion.** <[]>.

This is a Picture of Newton's Principia. This is where he first showed his three laws of motion and gravity.

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This is a picture of the Universe. Newton described this as a machine that was run by a few simple laws. [].

This a video of the laws of motion. media type="file" key="The Laws of Sir Isaac Newton.mp4" width="174" height="125" I thought it really described the laws well and creatively. <[]>.

**Information:** __ Law Number 1 and Formula __

The first law of gravity and motion is an object at rest will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion until an outside force acts on it, and a body in motion at a constant velocity will remain in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force also called the net force.F = 0 --> DV/DT = 0. You see the F, which stands for Force and the zero, represents the object laying at rest. The objects in motion (DV) will stay in motion until an outside force acts on it (DT) then it will lay at rest once again 0. Sir Isaac Newton came up with this law of motion around the year 1687. This was when he published his book called Philosophie Naturalis Principia Matematica.

__ Law Number 2 and Formula __

Newton’s second law is an unbalanced force acting on an object equals the object’s mass times its acceleration. The formula for this law by Newton is F=MA which means the acceleration of a body is directly proportional to the net force F, and is inversely proportional to the mass M. Sir Isaac Newton first introduced this law in his book called Philosophie Naturalis Principia Matematica, which was published in 1687. These laws were discovered through many experiments on the universe, and how the movement of the planets worked.

__ Law Number 3 and Formula __

Here is Newton’s third and final law of gravity and motion: For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Below you can see the mathematical formula for Newton’s third law of Gravity. Fa,b=-Fb,a. These numbers and symbols mean F is the force, which “a” is acting on “b” and then the opposite reaction is on the other side. Once again you see F which is the force but this time “b” is acting on “a”. This law was introduced when his book was published which was called Philosophie Naturalis Principia Matematica it was published in the year 1687. Newton and others discovered this law and the other laws through many experiments.

__ Sir Isaac Newton __

Sir Isaac Newton was born on Christmas Day 1642. He was born in a manor house in Woolsthorpe, England. He is an English natural philosopher. He is referred to as one of the most influential theorists in the history of Science for his 3 laws of forces motion and gravity. Newton was very interested in the discoveries of Galileo so he thought that the universe worked like a big machine, which was run by a few simple laws. He attended Cambridge University in 1665 when he realized that mathematics was the way to describe the laws, and he got a bachelors degree and laid the foundations for his theory of light and color. He made the laws of gravity and motion these laws were about how objects moved when a force activated them. Newton’s life changed the science world forever.

__ Real world connections __

Here is a real world connection to the first law of gravity and motion, which is an object at rest, will stay at rest and an object in motion will stay in motion until an outside force acts on it. Here are two real world connections to this first law; the first example is when you are sitting by the side of the car when the car turns a corner and you get pressed up against the window without even trying? Well if you have this is an example of inertia. When the car turns your body wants to continue going straight. The point of seatbelts is to keep our bodies from continuing forward when our car slams on the breaks. Now here is the second example of a real world connection for the first law of motion of gravity: Any runners but especially baseball players have to round first base very widely because the body can not perform a 90 degree turn. If you tried to run at full speed then turn at 90 degrees you would not be able to because your body wants to keep going straight. This is also an example of inertia. Here are some examples of the second law of gravity and motion, which is: unbalanced force acting on objects equals the objects mass times its acceleration. When you play catch with a football, the acceleration of the ball can changed based off of how much force you put into the throwing motion of the football. The mass of the football is not changing so a greater force will cause a greater acceleration and a weaker force will result in less acceleration. Here is a real world example of the 3rd and final law, which is, for every action there is an equal and opposite reaction. Kicking a football it moves forward based on the amount of force is exerted on it at the exact same time that amount of force is pushed back onto your foot this is how injuries happen. These were Newton’s laws in real life so now when you experience one of these you will remember it.

__Reaction:__ A reverse movement or tendency; an action in a reverse direction or manner.

__Inertia:__ Internes, especially with regard to effort, motion, action, and the like; inactivity; sluggishness.

__Theory:__ A coherent group of tested general propostions, commoly regarded as correct, that can be used as principals of explanation and prediction for a class of phenomena.

__Net-Force:__ A net force, F-net = F1 + F2 + … (also known as a resultant force) is a vector produced when two or more forces { F1, F2, … } act upon a single object. It is calculated by vector addition of the force vectors acting upon the object.

__Mathematics__: The systematic treatment of magnitude, operations or properties.

__Philosophe__r: A person who offers views or theories on profound questions in ethics.

__Law__: The principals and regulations established by some authority; a system of collection of such rules.

__Acceleration__: A change in velocity; increase of speed or velocity.

__Mass__: A body of coherent matter, often of considerable size.

__Universe__: The totality of known or supposed objects and Phenomena throughout space.

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Visuals:

__“You tube.” Video__ __20 Feb. 2012____. [].__

This is a you tube video showing Newton’s three laws. It talks about what each law states and how they work. Lego star war figures demonstrate each law too.

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Here is a picture of how Sir Isaac Newton looked. This is just a drawing of how he looked. He looks different in other drawings because a picture of him wasn’t taken.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Skaters_showing_newtons_third_law.png

Here is a picture ofNewton’s third law. It shows two people pushing against each other with a mutual force and from opposite directions. That is how the third law looks.

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Here isNewton’s first law. It shows that when the balloon releases air from it it rushes up. This happens because the force from the air pushes the balloon up.



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Here is Newton’s second law. It is showing the person pushing the car which has a mass of 1,000kg .05m/s/s fast. If you were to multiply 1,000kg by .05 m/s/s it would be equal to the amount of force the person is exerting on the car.

Information: __Law Number 1 and Formula__

This is the first law that Sir Isaac Newton created. It states that a body at rest will remain at rest unless an outside force acts on it, and a body in motion at a constant velocity will remain in motion in a straight line unless acted upon by an outside force also called the net force. This law can also be called inertia. That means if a particle is not moving the only way it will move is if a force acts on the particle. Once an object is standing still the object will continue to stay still until acted upon. Also a particle in motion that has a constant velocity will continue to stay in motion unless a force is exerted on the particle. Or, once an object is moving at a steady speed and in a straight line it will continue moving at a steady speed in a straight line unless a force acts upon it. This can be shown as if F = 0 then A = 0. Where F is the net force acting on a body and A is the acceleration of the body.

__Law Number 2 and Formula__

Here is Newton’s second law of motion. This law says that the acceleration of a body is parallel and directly proportional to the net force and inversely proportional to the mass. That means that when a force acts on a particle this force is equal to mass times acceleration. Also that if the object is twice the mass it will accelerate half as much as or slower than the other object. This can be shown as F=ma. “F” is the net force that is being used on the particle, “m” is the mass of the particle, and that is multiplied by “a” which is the acceleration that the particle is moving.

__Law Number 3 and Formula__

For Newton’s third law it states that if one particle exerts force on another particle that particle will exert force equal in magnitude back from the opposite direction of the other force. This means that there is always going to be an equal reaction or force when an action is made. Also all forces occur in pairs, and they are equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. The formula for this law is F AB = - F BA. This means that if body A exerts force on body B it is will exert the same force as if body B were to exert force on body A.

__Sir Isaac Newton__

Sir Isaac Newton was born on December 25, 1642 in Woolsthorpe, England. Newton attended Cambridge University in 1661. In 1665 he got his degree right before the college closed because of the Great Plague. Newton had many different careers they were: English physicist, mathematician, astronomer, natural philosopher, alchemist, philosopher, and theologian. Newton is most famous for inventing the three laws of motion. The world first saw his three laws in the book __Philosophie Naturalis Principia Mathematica__ that was published in 1687. He is also known for many different things besides the three laws of motion. Like he built the first practical reflecting telescope, he developed the theory of color, he also developed the empirical law of cooling, and he shares credit with Gottfried Leibniz for the development of the differential and integral calculus. Newton was also very religious, but did not want many people to know he was. He actually wrote more on religion then he did on natural science. Newton was also a member of the parliament of England from 1689 to 1690 and in 1701. Sir Isaac Newton died on March 20, 1727 at age 84 in his sleep.

__Real world connections__

There are many examples in the real world of these three laws. For law number one some examples are if you are holding a glass of water steady the liquid will not move. Once you start to apply force or accelerate the glass the water will start to move and want to spill out of the glass. Also the same type of thing would happen if you were walking steady with a glass of water and you stopped suddenly the water would stay in motion and spill out of the glass. Some examples for Newton’s second law of motion are when you are pushing a ball the ball’s velocity goes from zero to however hard you are pushing it. Also if you push a ten pound ball and then a five pound ball the ten pound ball will accelerate less or slower than the five pound ball because the mass is twice the size. Another example for law number two is that falling objects accelerate faster because gravity pulls the object towards the ground. For the third law some real world examples are when you sit down on a chair you exert force down on the chair and the chair must exert force back to your body otherwise it will collapse. Also when you shoot a cannonball the cannonball is shot out through the air by the explosion. Also the cannon is pushed backward because the force pushing the ball out is equal to the force pushing the cannon back. Another example is that Earth applies a gravitational force on us, but we also apply an equal and opposite force on Earth.

__Vocabulary__

Velocity- Is the speed of something in a given direction.

Net Force- Is the measure of force being exerted onto an object. If an object has no net force it is either at rest or moving at a constant speed.

Exert- To apply to.

Calculus- Systems of mathematics which use tiny measurements to compare one rate of change with that of another.

Gravity- The attraction which pulls one body toward another.

Philosopher- Someone who studies knowledge, truth, and logic.

Astronomer- Somebody who studies the planets, moons, stars, and the workings of the universe.

Magnitude- The great size or extent of something.

Natural Philosopher/Natural Philosophy- In the lifetime of Sir Isaac Newton that is what we now call scientists or science.

Reflecting Telescope- A telescope that uses mirrors rather than lenses to from an image.

Acceleration- An increase in speed.